Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex developmental disability. It impairs a child’s ability to communicate and interact with others and typically appears very early on in childhood. This condition affects all children differently and to varying degrees. The behaviors unique to ASD are assigned to a spectrum.

Causes and Symptoms

There is no single cause of ASD, just as there is not a single type of autism. Research indicates that both genetics and environmental factors play a role. Several genes associated with ASD have been identified and family studies suggest that ASD can be inherited.

Researchers have also found differences in brain chemistry and function in autistic children. While the complex causes of ASD aren’t completely understood, it is likely that genetic risk factors and environmental stressors combine to affect fetal brain development, resulting in ASD. More research is needed to fully answer this question.

Symptoms vary but may include:

• Communication difficulties
• Social challenges
• Repetitive behaviors
• Restricted range of interests

Diagnosis

There is no single test or diagnostic study for ASD, although your neurologist may order blood work, brain imaging or genetic studies to rule out other conditions. Due to the complexity of diagnosing and treating the condition, it’s important to see a medical professional with extensive experience.

Treatment

There is no cure for ASD, although symptoms can improve over time. ASD is managed using behavioral therapy, speech and occupational therapy, parent training and school interventions. Medications can be used to treat problems such as anxiety, irritability, hyperactivity and aggression that are common in children with ASD.